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Cybersecurity Terms Explained

Cybersecurity Terms Explained: A Practical Guide

During a breach investigation last year, I watched a CFO stare blankly at an incident responder who kept saying "the threat actor used credential stuffing to pivot laterally after compromising an MFA-gapped endpoint." The CFO's response: "Can someone please speak English?" That moment cost

Carl B. Johnson Jul 20, 2019 7 min read
Malware

What Is Malware? A Security Pro's Field Guide for 2026

In 2023, the FBI's Internet Crime Complaint Center (IC3) received over 880,000 complaints with potential losses exceeding $12.5 billion — a 22% increase from the year before. A massive share of those incidents started with a single piece of malicious software landing on someone's machine.

Carl B. Johnson Jul 20, 2019 7 min read
Types of Malware

Types of Malware: What Every Organization Must Know

In 2023, the FBI's Internet Crime Complaint Center received over 880,000 complaints with potential losses exceeding $12.5 billion — and malware was the engine behind a staggering number of those incidents. I've worked incident response cases where a single malware infection spiraled into a multi-million-dollar

Carl B. Johnson Jul 20, 2019 6 min read
Adware vs Spyware

Adware vs Spyware: What Security Teams Must Know

In 2023, a barcode scanner app on the Google Play Store — used by over 10 million people — pushed a malicious update that turned a legitimate tool into an aggressive adware delivery mechanism overnight. Users were flooded with pop-ups and redirected to shady websites. Within weeks, researchers discovered the same app

Carl B. Johnson Jul 14, 2019 7 min read
Trojan Horse Malware

Trojan Horse Malware: How It Gets In and How to Stop It

The Fake Invoice That Cost a Hospital System $28 Million In 2024, Ascension Health — one of the largest healthcare systems in the United States — suffered a devastating ransomware attack that disrupted operations across 140 hospitals. The initial entry vector? A malicious file that an employee downloaded, believing it to be

Carl B. Johnson Jul 14, 2019 7 min read
Keylogger Attack

Keylogger Attack: How Hackers Steal Every Keystroke

In 2023, the FBI dismantled a cybercrime ring that used a commercial keylogger called Snake Keylogger to steal credentials from over 10,000 victims across 50 countries. The malware recorded every keystroke — banking passwords, email logins, private messages — and quietly exfiltrated the data to attacker-controlled servers. The victims had no

Carl B. Johnson Jul 14, 2019 6 min read
DNS Spoofing

DNS Spoofing Attack: How Hackers Redirect Your Traffic

Your Employees Think They're on Your Bank's Website. They're Not. In April 2022, researchers at Avast documented a campaign where threat actors compromised home routers to execute a DNS spoofing attack that redirected users trying to visit legitimate banking sites to near-perfect credential theft

Carl B. Johnson Jul 14, 2019 6 min read