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Threat Actors

Learn about the individuals and groups behind cyberattacks, including nation-state hackers, cybercriminal organizations, hacktivists, and insider threats. These articles analyze motivations, tactics, and real-world examples to help you understand who poses risks to your digital assets.

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Cybersecurity Glossary

Cybersecurity Glossary for Beginners: 40 Terms to Know

During the 2020 SolarWinds breach investigation, I watched a boardroom full of executives stare blankly when an incident responder mentioned "lateral movement" and "supply chain compromise." They had no idea what was happening to their own network — not because they were negligent, but because nobody had

Carl B. Johnson Sep 16, 2021 8 min read
Malware

What Is Malware? A Security Pro's Real-World Guide

The Colonial Pipeline Attack Changed Everything In May 2021, a single compromised password led to the most disruptive cyberattack on U.S. critical infrastructure in history. DarkSide ransomware shut down Colonial Pipeline's 5,500-mile fuel system, triggering gas shortages across the eastern seaboard. The company paid a $4.

Carl B. Johnson Sep 16, 2021 7 min read
SQL Injection

SQL Injection Explained: The Attack That Won't Die

In March 2021, security researchers discovered that Accellion's file transfer appliance had been exploited through — you guessed it — an SQL injection vulnerability. The Clop ransomware gang leveraged the flaw to steal data from dozens of organizations, including Shell, Bombardier, and multiple U.S. universities. This wasn't

Carl B. Johnson Sep 03, 2021 8 min read
Medusa Ransomware

Medusa Ransomware Gang Phishing Campaigns Explained

A Ransomware Group That Starts With Your Inbox In June 2021, a mid-sized manufacturer discovered every file server in their environment encrypted. The ransom note was signed "Medusa." The entry point? A single phishing email that harvested an employee's VPN credentials. The Medusa ransomware gang phishing

Carl B. Johnson Aug 31, 2021 7 min read
Ransomware Examples

Ransomware Examples: What 2020-2021 Attacks Teach Us

The Ransomware Epidemic Is Already Here When someone searches for ransomware examples — whether they're typing "2026" or any other year — they're really asking one question: what does a real ransomware attack look like, and how do I stop it from happening to me? I&

Carl B. Johnson Mar 12, 2021 6 min read
Tailgating Attack

Tailgating Attack Cybersecurity: Stop the Walk-In Breach

In 2019, a penetration tester hired by the state of Iowa walked into a locked courthouse after hours simply by following an employee through a secured door. He was arrested — despite being under contract to test exactly that vulnerability. The incident made national headlines and exposed an uncomfortable truth: a

Carl B. Johnson Oct 10, 2020 7 min read
Dark Web

What Is the Dark Web? A Security Pro's Real Guide

Your Stolen Password Is Probably Already There In 2024, a single dark web marketplace called BreachForums was seized by the FBI — and then resurrected by its users within two weeks. That tells you everything about the persistence of the underground economy. If you've ever wondered what is the

Carl B. Johnson Jun 25, 2020 6 min read
Cybersecurity Glossary

Cybersecurity Glossary for Beginners: 40+ Terms

When the Colonial Pipeline ransomware attack shut down fuel distribution across the U.S. East Coast in 2021, news anchors stumbled over terms like "ransomware," "threat actor," and "zero trust." Millions of people realized they didn't have the vocabulary to understand the

Carl B. Johnson May 11, 2020 8 min read
Types of Malware

Types of Malware: What Actually Hits Networks in 2026

A Single Click Cost One Hospital Chain $100 Million In 2024, Change Healthcare was hit by the ALPHV/BlackCat ransomware group. The attack disrupted insurance claims processing for thousands of healthcare providers across the United States. UnitedHealth Group eventually disclosed costs exceeding $870 million related to the incident. The entry

Carl B. Johnson May 08, 2020 7 min read
Medusa Ransomware

Medusa Ransomware Gang Phishing Campaigns: What to Know

In March 2025, CISA and the FBI issued a joint advisory warning that the Medusa ransomware gang had compromised over 300 organizations across critical infrastructure sectors — healthcare, education, legal, insurance, and manufacturing. The attack vector in the vast majority of cases? Phishing. Not some exotic zero-day exploit. Not a nation-state

Carl B. Johnson Feb 28, 2020 7 min read