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Risk Management

Learn how to identify, assess, and mitigate cybersecurity risks that threaten your organization's data, systems, and operations. Our risk management articles cover frameworks, threat modeling, vulnerability prioritization, and strategies for building a resilient security posture.

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NIST Standards

NIST Standards: What Actually Matters for Your Security

The Framework Everyone References but Few Actually Implement In 2023, the MOVEit Transfer breach ripped through over 2,600 organizations worldwide. Many of those companies had compliance checklists. Many referenced NIST standards in their security policies. And yet, basic access controls and patch management — core tenets of NIST guidance — were

Carl B. Johnson May 13, 2026 6 min read
NIST Standards

NIST Standards: What Actually Matters for Your Security

800 Pages of Security Guidance — and Most Teams Read None of It In 2023, the MOVEit Transfer breach compromised data from over 2,600 organizations worldwide. Many of those organizations claimed compliance with major frameworks. The problem wasn't that NIST standards didn't cover the vulnerability class

Carl B. Johnson May 01, 2026 5 min read
NIST Cybersecurity Framework

NIST Cybersecurity Framework: A Practical Guide for 2025

The Framework Nobody Reads — Until After the Breach In February 2024, Change Healthcare suffered a ransomware attack that disrupted pharmacy operations across the United States for weeks. UnitedHealth Group eventually disclosed that the breach affected roughly 100 million individuals — making it one of the largest healthcare data breaches in history.

Carl B. Johnson May 10, 2025 7 min read
NIST Standards

NIST Standards: What Actually Matters for Your Security

In February 2024, NIST released version 2.0 of its Cybersecurity Framework — the biggest overhaul in a decade. Within weeks, I watched organizations scramble to figure out what changed and what they needed to do about it. Most of them were still struggling to implement version 1.1. Here'

Carl B. Johnson May 03, 2024 7 min read
Cybersecurity Due Diligence

Cybersecurity Due Diligence: What It Really Takes

The $350 Million Lesson Marriott Learned After Closing the Deal When Marriott acquired Starwood Hotels in 2016, the deal looked like a hospitality industry win. What nobody caught during cybersecurity due diligence was that Starwood's reservation system had been compromised since 2014. The breach wasn't discovered

Carl B. Johnson Jun 06, 2023 7 min read
NIST Standards

NIST Standards: A Practical Guide to Real Security

In March 2022, the Verizon Data Breach Investigations Report team released preliminary findings showing that 82% of breaches involved the human element — phishing, stolen credentials, and social engineering. Meanwhile, most organizations I work with still treat NIST standards like a dusty compliance checkbox rather than what they actually are: a

Carl B. Johnson Jun 20, 2022 7 min read
NIST Standards

NIST Standards: A Practical Guide for Real Security

In April 2021, the Colonial Pipeline hadn't yet made global headlines — but the SolarWinds breach was still fresh, and the Microsoft Exchange Server vulnerabilities had just rattled tens of thousands of organizations. Every one of those incidents had something in common: the affected organizations either ignored or incompletely

Carl B. Johnson May 15, 2021 7 min read
Data Breach Notification Requirements

Data Breach Notification Requirements: A 2021 Guide

The SolarWinds Breach Just Made Notification a National Crisis In December 2020, FireEye disclosed that a sophisticated threat actor had compromised SolarWinds Orion software, giving attackers access to roughly 18,000 organizations — including the U.S. Treasury, the Department of Homeland Security, and Fortune 500 companies. Weeks later, we'

Carl B. Johnson Jan 14, 2021 8 min read
NIST Cybersecurity Framework

NIST Cybersecurity Framework: A Practical Guide for 2026

The Framework 87% of Organizations Claim to Follow — But Most Get Wrong When the Change Healthcare breach exposed the records of over 100 million people in 2024, investigators found something familiar: the organization had a cybersecurity program on paper. What it lacked was disciplined execution against a proven structure. That

Carl B. Johnson Nov 04, 2020 7 min read